Ubwo bunyage bwo mu buryo bw’umwuka bwatangiye mu kinyejana cya kabiri bugeza mu mwaka wa 1919. Kuki ibyo bisobanuro bishya bikwiriye?

Ibimenyetso byose bigaragaza ko ubwo bunyage bwarangiye mu mwaka wa 1919, igihe Abakristo basutsweho umwuka bakusanyirizwaga mu itorero ryari ryongeye gushyirwaho. Zirikana ibi: igihe Ubwami bw’Imana bwatangiraga gutegeka mu ijuru mu mwaka wa 1914, * mu myaka yakurikiyeho abagaragu b’Imana barageragejwe kandi barezwa (Mal 3:1-4). Hanyuma mu mwaka wa 1919, Yesu yahaye abagize ubwoko bw’Imana bejejwe ‘umugaragu wizerwa kandi w’umunyabwenge,’ kugira ngo “ajye abaha ibyokurya mu gihe gikwiriye” (Mat 24:45-47). Muri uwo mwaka ni bwo abagize ubwoko bw’Imana batangiye gusubira mu mimerere myiza yo mu buryo bw’umwuka babifashijwemo n’Imana. Ni na bwo babohowe bavanwa mu bunyage bw’ikigereranyo bwa Babuloni Ikomeye (Ibyah 18:4). Ariko se ubwo bunyage bwatangiye ryari?

Twamaze imyaka myinshi dusobanura ko abagize ubwoko bw’Imana bamaze igihe gito mu bunyage bwa Babuloni Ikomeye, icyo gihe kikaba cyaratangiye mu mwaka wa 1918. Urugero, Umunara w’Umurinzi wo ku itariki ya 1 Ugushyingo 1992, wasobanuye ko nk’uko Abisirayeli bajyanywe mu bunyage i Babuloni, ari na ko mu mwaka wa 1918 abagaragu ba Yehova bajyanywe mu bunyage bwa Babuloni Ikomeye. Icyakora, ubundi bushakashatsi bwakozwe bwagaragaje ko ubwo bunyage bwatangiye mbere cyane y’umwaka wa 1918.

Urugero, nimucyo dusuzume bumwe mu buhanuzi bwavuze ibirebana n’ubwo bunyage no kubohorwa kw’abagaragu b’Imana. Ubwo buhanuzi buri muri Ezekiyeli 37:1-14. Ezekiyeli yabonye mu iyerekwa ikibaya cyuzuye amagufwa. Yehova yasobanuriye Ezekiyeli ko ayo magufwa agereranya “ab’inzu ya Isirayeli bose.” Isohozwa ryagutse ry’ubwo buhanuzi ryerekeza kuri “Isirayeli y’Imana” (Gal 6:16; Ibyak 3:21). Nyuma yaho Ezekiyeli yabonye ya magufwa yongera gusubirana ubuzima, maze aba umutwe munini cyane w’ingabo. Ibyo bigaragaza neza  rwose ukuntu abagize ubwoko bw’Imana bavuye mu bunyage bwa Babuloni Ikomeye mu mwaka wa 1919. Ariko se, iryo yerekwa riduhishurira iki ku birebana n’igihe ubwo bunyage bwamaze?

Mbere na mbere, Ezekiyeli yabonye amagufwa “yumye cyane” (Ezek 37:2, 11). Ibyo bisobanura ko ba nyir’ayo magufwa bari bamaze igihe kirekire cyane bapfuye. Icya kabiri, ayo magufwa yongeye gusubirana ubuzima buhoro buhoro. Ntibyabaye mu kanya gato. Mu mizo ya mbere, humvikanye urusaku rw’ibintu bikomangana, maze “amagufwa atangira kwegerana, buri gufwa risanga iryaryo.” Hanyuma “imitsi” yayajeho, n’“inyama” ziyiyomekaho. Noneho uruhu rworoshe iyo mitsi n’inyama. Nyuma y’ibyo, abo bantu bari barapfuye ‘umwuka wabajemo maze basubirana ubuzima.’ Yehova yabatuje ku butaka bwabo. Birumvikana ko ibyo bintu byose byari gufata igihe.—Ezek 37:7-10, 14.

Ishyanga rya Isirayeli ya kera ryamaze igihe kinini mu bunyage. Ubwo bunyage bwatangiye mu mwaka wa 740 Mbere ya Yesu igihe ubwami bwo mu majyaruguru bwari bugizwe n’imiryango icumi bwatsindwaga, abaturage babwo benshi bakajyanwaho iminyago. Hanyuma mu mwaka wa 607 Mbere ya Yesu Yerusalemu yararimbuwe, maze abaturage bo mu bwami bw’u Buyuda bwari mu majyepfo, na bo bajyanwa mu bunyage. Icyo gihe cy’ubunyage cyarangiye mu mwaka wa 537 Mbere ya Yesu, igihe Abayahudi bake basubiraga i Yerusalemu kubaka urusengero no gusubizaho gahunda yo gusenga k’ukuri.

Ibivugwa muri iyo mirongo bigaragaza ko igihe abagize ubwoko bwa Yehova bamaze mu bunyage bwa Babuloni Ikomeye gishobora kuba ari kirekire, kirenze icyo kuva mu mwaka wa 1918 kugeza mu wa 1919. Icyo gihe cy’ubunyage gihuje n’igihe urumamfu rw’ikigereranyo rwari gukurana n’ingano zigereranya “abana b’ubwami” (Mat 13:36-43). Muri icyo gihe hariho Abakristo b’ukuri bake gusa. Abenshi mu biyitaga Abakristo bari baremeye inyigisho z’ikinyoma, maze bahinduka abahakanyi. Ni yo mpamvu dushobora kuvuga ko Babuloni Ikomeye yari yarajyanye mu bunyage itorero rya gikristo. Ubwo bunyage bwatangiye mu kinyejana cya kabiri, kandi bwarakomeje kugeza mu gihe cy’imperuka, igihe urusengero rw’ikigereranyo rwezwaga.—Ibyak 20:29, 30; 2 Tes 2:3, 6; 1 Yoh 2:18, 19.

Muri icyo gihe kirekire abagize ubwoko bw’Imana bamaze bari mu bunyage, abayobozi b’amadini bari bafite imbaraga, ndetse barigaruriye n’abanyapolitiki, bashakaga ko rubanda rubayoboka. Urugero, abantu ntibari bemerewe gutunga Bibiliya cyangwa kuyisoma mu rurimi bumva. Bamwe mu bayisomaga babamanitse ku giti barabatwika. Umuntu wese wazanaga igitekerezo kinyuranye n’ibyo abayobozi b’amadini bigishaga bamugiriraga nabi, bituma umucyo w’ukuri udashobora kugera hose.

 Mu byo Ezekiyeli yeretswe, harimo n’uko abagize ubwoko bw’Imana bari kongera gusubirana ubuzima, bakagenda buhoro buhoro bava mu bunyage bw’idini ry’ikinyoma. Ibyo byabaye ryari kandi se byabaye mu buhe buryo? Muri iryo yerekwa havugwamo ibirebana n’“urusaku rw’ibintu bikomangana.” Ibyo byatangiye kuba mu myaka mike ibarirwa mu magana yabanjirije iminsi y’imperuka. Muri iyo myaka hari abantu b’indahemuka bifuzaga kumenya ukuri no gukorera Imana nubwo inyigisho z’ikinyoma zari ziganje. Bize Bibiliya kandi bakora uko bashoboye kose bamenyesha abandi ibyo bigaga. Abandi bo bashyizeho imihati kugira ngo bahindure Bibiliya mu ndimi zavugwaga na rubanda.

Hanyuma mu mpera z’imyaka ya 1800, Charles Taze Russell n’abo bari bafatanyije bashyizeho imihati kugira ngo bamenye ukuri ko muri Bibiliya kandi bakorere Yehova. Ni nk’aho igikanka cy’ikigereranyo cyari cyongeye gusubirana inyama n’uruhu. Umunara w’Umurinzi w’i Siyoni n’ibindi bitabo byafashije abantu bari bafite imitima itaryarya kumenya inyigisho z’ukuri. Nyuma yaho hari ibindi bintu byakomeje ukwizera kw’abari bagize ubwoko bw’Imana, urugero nka filimi ivuga iby’irema yasohotse mu mwaka wa 1914 (Photo-Drame de la Création), n’umubumbe wa karindwi w’ibitabo byasobanuraga Ibyanditswe wasohotse mu mwaka wa 1917 (Le mystère accompli). Amaherezo mu mwaka wa 1919, mu buryo bw’ikigereranyo abagize ubwoko bw’Imana bongeye gusubirana ubuzima, batuzwa mu gihugu gishya cyo mu buryo bw’umwuka. Uko igihe cyagendaga gihita, abafite ibyiringiro byo kuzaba ku isi bifatanyije n’abasutsweho umwuka, hanyuma bose hamwe baba “umutwe munini cyane w’ingabo.”—Ezek 37:10; Zek 8:20-23. *

Dushingiye kuri ibyo, tubona ko abagize ubwoko bw’Imana bagiye mu bunyage bwa Babuloni Ikomeye, igihe ubuhakanyi bwatangiraga mu kinyejana cya kabiri. Icyo cyari igihe cy’umwijima nk’icyo Abisirayeli ba kera banyuzemo igihe bari mu bunyage. Abagize ubwoko bw’Imana bamaze ibinyejana byinshi bari mu bunyage bwo mu buryo bw’umwuka. Ariko ubu ‘abafite ubushishozi barabagirana nk’umucyo.’ Abantu ‘benshi barisukura, bagacenshurwa,’ maze bakemera ukuri.—Dan 12:3, 10.

Ntituzi neza uko Satani yeretse Yesu urusengero.

Reka tubanze dusuzume icyo Bibiliya ibivugaho. Ivanjiri ya Matayo igira iti ‘nuko Satani ajyana [Yesu] mu murwa wera, maze amuhagarika hejuru y’urukuta rukikije urusengero’ cyangwa “ku gasongero k’urusengero.” (Mat 4:5, gereranya na Bibiliya Yera.) Inkuru yanditswe na Luka na yo igira iti “nuko amujyana i Yerusalemu maze amuhagarika hejuru y’urukuta rukikije urusengero.”—Luka 4:9.

Mu bihe byashize, ibitabo byacu byavugaga ko Satani ashobora kuba atarajyanye Yesu ku rusengero igihe yamugeragezaga. Urugero, Umunara w’Umurinzi wo ku itariki ya 1 Werurwe 1961 (mu cyongereza), wabigereranyije n’igihe Satani yageragezaga Yesu akamujyana ku musozi muremure maze akamwereka ubwami bw’isi yose. Wavuze ko nta musozi wari kuba muremure bihagije ku buryo umuntu yaba awuriho akabona ubwami bwose bwo  ku isi. Hanyuma, uwo Munara w’Umurinzi wakomeje uvuga ko Satani ashobora kuba atarajyanye Yesu ku rusengero. Icyakora, nyuma yaho ingingo zo mu Munara w’Umurinzi zavuze ko iyo Yesu aza gusimbuka aturutse hejuru y’urusengero yari gupfa.

Hari abavuze ko Yesu atari yemerewe guhagarara hejuru y’ahera h’urusengero kubera ko atari Umulewi. Ubwo rero bemeza ko Satani ashobora kuba ‘yarajyanye’ Yesu ku rusengero mu iyerekwa. Ibyo byaba bihuje n’ibyabaye ku muhanuzi Ezekiyeli, ibinyejana byinshi mbere yaho.—Ezek 8:3, 7-10; 11:1, 24; 37:1, 2.

Icyakora, niba Yesu yarajyanywe ku rusengero mu iyerekwa, umuntu yakwibaza ibibazo bikurikira:

• Ese gusimbuka aturutse hejuru y’urusengero byari kuba ari ikigeragezo?

• Mu bindi bigeragezo, Satani yagerageje gushuka Yesu amusaba gukora ibintu bigaragara, urugero nko gufata amabuye akayahinduramo imigati, cyangwa kumwikubita imbere akamuramya. Ubwo se ntibishoboka ko icyo gihe na bwo Satani yasabye Yesu gusimbuka aturutse hejuru y’urusengero nyarusengero?

Ku rundi ruhande, niba Yesu yari ahagaze hejuru y’urusengero nyarusengero, hari ibindi bibazo twakwibaza:

• Ese Yesu yaba yarishe Amategeko ya Mose, agahagarara hejuru y’ahera h’urusengero?

• Yesu yavuye ate mu butayu ajya i Yerusalemu?

Hari ubundi bushakashatsi bwakozwe bwadufasha gusubiza ibyo bibazo bibiri bya nyuma.

Porofeseri D. A. Carson avuga ko ijambo ry’ikigiriki hi·e·ron,’ ryahinduwemo “urusengero” muri izo nkuru zombi, “rishobora kuba ryerekeza ku nyubako yose, aho kuba ahera honyine.” Ku bw’ibyo, nta wavuga ko byanze bikunze Yesu yahagaze hejuru y’ahera h’urusengero. Urugero, yashoboraga guhagarara ku mfuruka yo mu majyepfo y’uburasirazuba bw’urusengero. Aho hari ubutumburuke bwa metero 137 uvuye mu kibaya cya Kidironi. Icyo gice cyo mu majyepfo cyari gifite igisenge gishashe gikikijwe n’urukuta, kandi ni ho hasumbaga ahandi kuri urwo rusengero. Umuhanga mu by’amateka wa kera witwa Josèphe yavuze ko iyo umuntu yabaga ahahagaze akareba hasi, “yashoboraga kugira isereri” bitewe n’uko hari harehare cyane. Kubera ko Yesu atari Umulewi, yari yemerewe kuhahagarara, kandi iyo abikora nta wari kubigiraho ikibazo.

Ariko se Yesu yari kugera ate ku rusengero kandi yari mu butayu? Ntituzi neza uko byagenze. Bibiliya ivuga gusa ko Yesu yajyanywe i Yerusalemu. Ntivuga uko intera yari hagati y’aho Yesu yari ari n’i Yerusalemu yanganaga, cyangwa igihe Satani yamaze amugerageza. Ubwo rero, birashoboka ko Yesu yagiye i Yerusalemu nubwo urwo rugendo rwari kumara igihe kirekire.

Igihe Satani yerekaga Yesu “ubwami bwose bwo ku isi,” birashoboka ko yakoresheje iyerekwa, kubera ko nta musozi wahagararaho ngo urebe ubwami bwose bwo ku isi. Ibyo bishobora kugereranywa n’ukuntu umuntu yakwereka undi ibibera mu tundi duce tw’isi kuri televiziyo. Satani ashobora kuba yaramweretse ubwami akoresheje iyerekwa, ariko kuba yarashakaga ko amwikubita imbere akamuramya, byo ntibyari kuba mu iyerekwa (Mat 4:8, 9). Bityo rero, igihe Satani yajyanaga Yesu ku rusengero, birashoboka ko yifuzaga ko ashyira ubuzima bwe mu kaga, agasimbuka aturutse hejuru yarwo. Mu by’ukuri ibyo ni byo byari kuba ari ikigeragezo kuruta uko yari gusabwa kubikora mu iyerekwa.

Ku bw’ibyo, birashoboka ko Yesu yagiye i Yerusalemu agahagarara ahantu hari harehare kurusha ahandi ku rusengero. Nk’uko twabivuze tugitangira ntituzi neza uko Satani yeretse Yesu urusengero. Ariko dushobora kwemeza tudashidikanya ko Satani yakomeje kugerageza gushuka Yesu ngo akore ikintu kibi, kandi buri gihe Yesu yamwamaganaga atajenjetse.