Mankhwala Osokoneza Bongo Pakati pa Achinyamata

“Anaferanji?”

Funso ili linali pachikuto cha magazini ya ku Brazil yotchedwa Veja. Pachikutopo panali zithunzi za achinyamata okongola ndiponso ooneka olongosoka ndithu koma oti anafa ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

ANTHU sakusiyabe kudziwononga ndi mankhwala otere ngakhale kuti akudziŵa bwinobwino kuopsa kwake. Pachaka, ku United States ndalama pafupifupi madola 100 biliyoni zimawonongeka chifukwa cha kusamalira anthu a vutoli, kusayenda bwino kwa zintchito, kusalipidwa, ndiponso kuswa malamulo a boma. Koma mwina ana ndiwo amakhaula nalo kwambiri vutoli. Atafufuza ku Brazil analemba m’magazini yotchedwa Jornal da Tarde, kuti pafupifupi mwana mmodzi pa ana anayi alionse a zaka 10 mpaka 17 kumeneko, analaŵako mankhwala enaake otere.

Ku United States vutoli pakati pa achinyamata linachepako m’mbuyomu, koma pakali pano kuli achinyamata osaneneka omwe sangakhale popanda mankhwalaŵa. Tangoganizani, nthaŵi ina atafufuza pakati pa achinyamata amene ali m’makalasi omaliza a ku sekondale, anapeza kuti pa ana 100 alionse, 37 analaŵako chamba chaka cham’mbuyomo. Ndipo mwana mmodzi pa ana asanu alionse anali atangotha mwezi umodzi chisutireni chamba. Komanso pafupifupi mwana mmodzi pa ana khumi alionse anali atalaŵako mankhwala enaake oopsa osokoneza bongo chaka cham’mbuyomo. Ndipo ana ena 6 pa ana 100 alionse anali atalaŵako mankhwala otere a mtundu winanso.

Malipoti akusonyeza kuti padziko lonse vutoli lafika podetsa nkhaŵa. Bungwe loona zofufuza la ku Britain linati “ana 12 pa ana 100 alionse a zaka 11 mpaka 15 anali atagwiritsirapo ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo chaka cham’mbuyomo . . . makamaka chamba.” Chochititsa nthumanzi kwambiri chinali chakuti “pa ana 100 alionse, 35 anapatsidwako mankhwala osokoneza bongo a mtundu umodzi kapena kuposa.”

Lipoti lokonzedwa ndi chithandizo cha bungwe la European Union linasonyezanso kuti pakati pa achinyamata, “kuledzera kwayamba kufala kwambiri.” Lipotilo linatinso “anthu akamwa mowa mwauchidakwa akumachita ngozi, zachiwawa, ndiponso akumafa nawo kumene, komanso akusokoneza ntchito zachitukuko ndi kakhalidwe ka anthu.” Ku Japan kunachokera lipoti lakuti ‘achinyamata ambiri amayamba n’kufwenkha zinthu monga petulo, ndipo mapeto ake amadzayamba mankhwala ena osokoneza bongo.’

N’zosadabwitsa kuti Mlembi Wamkulu wa bungwe la United Nations a Kofi Annan ananena kuti: “Mankhwala osokoneza bongo akutiwonongera anthu, akuchulukitsa khalidwe loswa malamulo a boma, akufalitsa matenda monga Edzi, ndipo akutiphera ana ndiponso tsogolo lathu.” Nthaŵi zambiri anthu ogwiritsira ntchito mankhwalaŵa amaswa malamulo monga pozembetsa mankhwala otere komanso popha anthu chifukwa cha nkhani yomweyi. Chinanso, mankhwalaŵa amavulazitsa anthu ambiri, kapenanso kuwachititsa kumangogonana ndi wina aliyense. Ndipotu ngati mukuganiza kuti zimenezi sizingachitike m’banja mwanu, iwalani zimenezo. Lipoti lina la boma ku United States linati: “Vuto la mankhwalaŵa si la anthu osauka okha kapena a m’madera ovutika a m’tauni okha ayi. . . .  Anthu okhala ndi vutoli amakhala opeza mosiyanasiyana ndiponso ochokera m’madera osiyanasiyana. Vutoli limakhudza aliyense.”

Komatu nthaŵi zambiri makolo amadzatulukira vutoli madzi atafika m’khosi. Taganizirani nkhani iyi ya mtsikana wina wa ku Brazil. Mkulu wake Regina * anafotokoza kuti, “Iyeyu anayamba kumwa mowa. Abale akefe tinkangoona ngati n’zabwinobwino. Koma mapeto ake zibwenzi zake zinayamba kum’laŵitsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Popeza kuti makolo anga ankangomulekerera, iye anafika poloŵerera mapeto. Kangapo konse ankasoŵa, osadziŵika komwe wapita. Ndipo nthaŵi zonse apolisi akapeza mtsikana wakufa ankawaimbira telefoni bambo kuti akaone ngati ndi iyeyo! Zimenezi sizinkatigonetsa tulo.”

Bungwe la World Health Organization linatchula zifukwa zisanu zikuluzikulu zimene zingachititse ana kukopeka ndi mankhwalaŵa:

(1) Amafuna kumadziona ngati aakulu n’kumachita zimene mtima wawo wafuna

(2) Amaopa kutsalira

(3) Amafuna kukhala omasuka n’kumangosangalala

(4) Amafuna kutayirira n’kungoloŵerera

(5) Amafuna aone okha kuti zimakhala bwanji munthu akatero

M’posavutanso kuti wachinyamata ayambe khalidwe lodziwononga yekhali ngati mankhwalaŵa akupezeka mosavuta komanso ngati ali ndi anzake osokonekera. Mnyamata wina wa ku Brazil, Luiz Antonio anati, “Makolo anga sankatiuza chilichonse chokhudza mankhwalaŵa. Kusukulu aziphunzitsi ankangonena mwapatalipatali za vutoli.” Motero iyeyu anayamba mankhwala otere ali ndi zaka 14 poonera anzake a kusukulu. Kenaka pamene ankafuna kusiya, amene ankati ndi anzakewo, omwenso ankam’patsa mankhwalawo, anamuuza kuti akangoyerekeza kusiya am’baya ndi mpeni!

Kodi munayamba mwaganizapo kuti vutoli lingakhudze ana anu? Nanga mwachitapo chiyani kuti muwateteze? Nkhani yotsatirayi ilongosola njira zina zimene makolo angatetezere ana awo.

[Mawu a M’munsi]

[Mawu Otsindika patsamba 4]

“Mankhwala osokoneza bongo akutiwonongera anthu, akuchulukitsa khalidwe loswa malamulo a boma, akufalitsa matenda monga Edzi, ndipo akutiphera ana ndiponso tsogolo lathu.”—ANATERO A KOFI ANNAN, MLEMBI WAMKULU WA BUNGWE LA UNITED NATIONS

[Mawu a Chithunzi patsamba 3]

© Veja, Editora Abril, May 27, 1998